What is an operating system ? Where is this used ? Name some operating systems that you have come across?
An operating system is software that manages the computer hardware . The hardware must provide appropiate mechanisms to ensure the correct operation of the computer system and to prevent user programs from interfering with the proper operation of the system
The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner.
Operating systems
Quick links
Operating System ABCs
Operating System types
Operating System overviews
Troubleshooting
Operating System Q&A
Operating System definitions
Apple news
Linux and Unix news
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Operating System types
Operating System overviews
Troubleshooting
Operating System Q&A
Operating System definitions
Apple news
Linux and Unix news
Microsoft news
An operating system, or OS, is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer would be useless.
As computers have progressed and developed so have the operating systems. Below is a basic list of the different operating systems and a few examples of operating systems that fall into each of the categories. Many computer operating systems will fall into more than one of the below categories.
GUI - Short for Graphical User Interface, a GUI Operating System contains graphics and icons and is commonly navigated by using a computer mouse. See the GUI definition for a complete definition. Below are some examples of GUI Operating Systems.
Multi-user - A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same computer at the same time and different times. See the multi-user definition for a complete definition for a complete definition. Below are some examples of multi-user operating systems.
Multiprocessing - An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more than one computer processor(e.g intel, AMD).
Below are some examples of multiprocessing operating systems.
Below are some examples of multiprocessing operating systems.
Multitasking - An operating system that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at the same time. Below are some examples of multitasking operating systems.
Multithreading - Operating systems that allow different parts of a software program to run concurrently. Operating systems that would fall into this category are:
Common questions and answers to operating systems in general can be found on the below operating system question and answers. All other questions relating to an operating system in particular can be found through the operating system page.
Linux and Variants
MacOSMS-DOS
IBM OS/2 Warp
Unix and Variants
Windows CE
Windows 3.x
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows 98 SE
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
MacOSMS-DOS
IBM OS/2 Warp
Unix and Variants
Windows CE
Windows 3.x
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows 98 SE
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows 2000
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Below is a listing of many of the different operating systems available today, the dates they were released, theplatforms they have been developed for and who developed them.
Operating system | Date first released | Platform | Developer |
Various | |||
AmigaOS | Currently no AmigaOS history. | ||
Various | BSD | ||
Various | |||
Various | |||
Various | |||
Various | |||
Various | |||
Various | |||
Various | |||
Various | Kondara | ||
Various | |||
MAC OS 9 | |||
MAC OS 10 | |||
MAC OS X | |||
Various | Mandrake | ||
Various | MINIX | ||
MS-DOS 1.x | IBM | ||
MS-DOS 2.x | IBM | ||
MS-DOS 3.x | IBM | ||
MS-DOS 4.x | IBM | ||
MS-DOS 5.x | IBM | ||
MS-DOS 6.x | IBM | ||
Various | |||
Various | OSF | ||
QNX | Various | QNX | |
Various | |||
Various | |||
Various | Slackware | ||
Various | |||
Various | SuSE | ||
System 1 | |||
System 2 | |||
System 3 | |||
System 4 | |||
System 6 | |||
Various | System V | ||
Various | |||
Turbolinux | Various | Turbolinux | |
Various | Ultrix | ||
Unisys | Various | ||
Various | Bell labs | ||
UnixWare | Various | UnixWare | |
Various | VectorLinux | ||
IBM | |||
Windows 2003 | IBM | ||
IBM | |||
IBM | |||
IBM | |||
IBM | |||
PDA | |||
IBM | |||
IBM | |||
IBM | |||
IBM | |||
Various |
Components of Operating Sytem:
There are three main components:
1.control programs
2.sytem service programs
3.utility programs
CONTROL PROGRAMS
A. Control Programs
control & maintain the operation of computer
1. Initial program loader (IPL)
Program in the form of firmware (software stored in ROM)
Computer ON, then electronic chip is automatically activated & IPL read the boot sector routine (BSR), reside in the primary memory
control & maintain the operation of computer
1. Initial program loader (IPL)
Program in the form of firmware (software stored in ROM)
Computer ON, then electronic chip is automatically activated & IPL read the boot sector routine (BSR), reside in the primary memory
B. System Service Program
Support control programs
Divided into three portions
Linkage Editor
Librarian
Input/Output control system
C. Utility Programs
e.g.
MS-DOS : Fdisk, FORMAT, ATTRIB, BACKUP, FIND
Support control programs
Divided into three portions
Linkage Editor
Librarian
Input/Output control system
C. Utility Programs
e.g.
MS-DOS : Fdisk, FORMAT, ATTRIB, BACKUP, FIND
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